History Of Wrestling Essay Example For Students

History Of Wrestling Essay The types of wrestling we know today as Greco-Roman, Folkstyle, and Freestyle discovered their birthplaces in the terrains on the eastern finish of the Mediterranean Sea. These grounds are the place the Ancient Greeks dwelled, and built up the craft of wrestling. The Greeks impacted the styles and aptitudes of wrestling of today. The game of wrestling has been profoundly created for more than 5,000 years, and it is accepted to have started some portion of the warriors preparing, The Ancient Greeks and The game of Wrestling expressed. Verification of this lie on the dividers of the burial place in Beni Hasan as pictures. These photos are around 5,000 years of age and show holds from both the standing positions and the ground positions. From that opportunity to the current wrestling abandoned military aptitude to a game ability. (The Ancient Greeks and The game of Wrestling,7-2)During this time wrestling was additionally evolved in different societies, similar to that of antiquated Greeks. Wrestling to the Greeks was a piece of the troopers preparing, but at the same time was a piece of regular day to day existence. Youth didn't just learn punctuation, specialty of discourse, and arithmetic, however youngsters likewise experienced physical preparing, which comprise of moving and the craft of wrestling. The Gree ks considered wrestling to be an improvement of elegance and an action that requests a high ability and physical wellness. (The Ancient Greeks and The game of Wrestling,7-3)Greek writing calls attention to this expertise of wrestling was utilized by divine beings and rulers, just as by warriors and private residents, in their endeavors to conquer abhorrent and animal power. The greater part of the legends of Greek folklore were viewed as dexterous grapplers. Their perspective on expertise in all probability prompted its presentation as a significant game in the Olympic Games in the year 704 B.C. (The Ancient Greeks and The game of Wrestling,7-4)Wrestling was a significant game in most Greek celebrations, including the Olympic Games. In these celebrations sports other than wrestling, for example, foot races, chariot-races, tossing of the discos and lance, and boxing, were likewise included. These occasions with varieties and increments made up the program of the athletic celebrations of Greece through the entire history. The occasions of the Olympic Games endure even through the ascent and the fall of the Roman Empire. With the vanquishing of the Greece by the Romans, the Greek type of wrestling started to lose ubiquity, since, the Romans didnt have a similar feeling of effortlessness and aptitude, expressed The Ancient Greeks and The game of Wrestling. The Romans were additionally not keen on beast quality and viciousness. (The Ancient Greeks and The game of Wrestling,7-5) One last thing that brought the decay of Greek wrestling, is the cooperation of a lot more nations in the Olympics. This was because of The Romans permitting different nations in the Olympics. The Greek observers got burnt out on observing their nearby wrestling saints being vanquished by contenders from the East. The accomplishment of the Asian grapplers and others help along the decrease of Greek Wrestling. (The Ancient Greeks and The game of Wrestling,7-5)Wrestling method has changed prac tically nothing, and a significant number of the cutting edge holds were gotten from the game as it was polished in antiquated Egypt, in 704, included wrestling. Proof that matches were progressively being fixed and contenders fixed, nonetheless, cut off fame of the game, and it lay lethargic for many years, expressed the Concise Encyclopedia of Sports. (Compact Encyclopedia of Sports, 7-3)During the nineteenth century, Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling recovered famous intrigue. Bazaars and festivals in the United States supported wrestling matches, and this action drove straightforwardly to the restoration of wrestling. William Muldon was pronounced the main American Champion. Following World War I, fixed proficient wrestling matches took steps to dishonor wrestling, yet the Federation International des Luttes Amateur established in 1921, spared the game. This administering body systematized rules, set guidelines, and sorted out rivalries for all beginner 7 free-form and 6 Greco -Roman weight divisions, an expansion from just having one weight division in the 1904 Olympics. (Compact Encyclopedia of Sports, 7-3) In the Olympic and worldwide fulfillments grapplers go up against others roughly a similar weight. Ten weight characterizations exist from 15.8 pounds excessively more than 220.4 pounds. Contenders must wear tight-fitting one-piece singlets. The wrestling mat is a raised stage, 6-8 meters square. A match is planned for three adjusts, every period enduring three minutes, with 1-minute rest periods between them. Matches are won either by sticking an adversaries shoulders to the tangle and holding them for one second or by amassing the more prominent number of focuses during the match. An arbitrator, judge, and a tangle director settle on the granting of punishment focuses. Grapplers are not permitted to pull hair, kick, punch, grasp the edge of the tangle, use head bolts, and twist a rivals arm in excess of 90 degrees or utilize any hold that may jeopa rdize the physical prosperity of the rival. (Sports and Games, 5-4)There are a wide range of styles of wrestling. One of the most mainstream that is utilized in secondary school and school in the United States is folkstyle. This style created in the United States as an adjusted type of the European Freestyle with varieties impacted by the American Indian and early pioneers. Indeed a few history references showed that both George Washington and Abe Lincoln were acceptable Folkstyle grapplers. (Rules of the Game, 4-2)Folkstyle focuses on control and the execution of moves, with focuses granted for effectively executing a transition to pick up control or departure your rivals control. The grappler on top should continually progress in the direction of a pin while the grappler on base should constantly attempt to get away or switch. In certain angles, Folkstyle is like Freestyle terms of wrestling strategy utilized, anyway the guidelines impact the choice of assaults and the lead of the match. (Rules of the Game, 4-2) Another mainstream style of wrestling is Freestyle. Free-form is utilized in the Olympic games. It is comparable folkstyle wrestling as far as strategy, yet the principles and scoring are extraordinary. Any individual who wrestles folkstyle can grappler free-form. In view of the standards there are extra moves that can be wear, for example, the gut wrench and leg trim. Matches are for the most part on five-minute time frame in the open and secondary school divisions and two periods with brief break between for the more youthful age gatherings. Job of the Gods in the Iliad EssayAnother sort of wrestling, called sambo, was perceived in 1964 by the International Federation of Amateur Wrestling. Created in the Soviet Union during the 1930s, today is well known in Russia and furthermore in Bulgaria and Japan. In light of provincial wrestling styles, sambo looks like both jujitsu and Greco-Roman. There are a wide range of varieties of the game of wrestling however they all despite everything convey the convention that the early Greeks began numerous years back. This custom is difficult work, control and elegance. BibliographyBIBLIOGRAPHYBrosch, R. How Did Sports Begin? New York: David McKay organization, Inc., 1970Carson, Ray. The Ancient Greeks and the Sport of Wrestling. New Jersey: Barnes and Co., 1974. Lewinson, David, Christensen, Karen. III Encyclopedia of World Sports. California: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1996. Sports and Games. California: Sydney, 1997. The Consise Encyclopedia of Sports. USA: Grolier Incorporated, 1970. Rules of the Game. USA: Paddington Press LTD, 1974. Wrestling. Comptors Encyclopedia. 1995 ed. Sports and Games Essays

Red from Green Essay Example

Red from Green Essay Red from Green via Maile Meloy Being a young person, growing up, isn't simple. There are a great deal of things to consider and numerous emotions to identify with. You need to settle on certain choices and that isn't in every case simple either, regardless of whether they sound simple. A choice could be what to wear for a gathering or it could be greater choices that will have impact on your life. The story, Red from Green, is chiefly determined to the waterway and in the forested areas adjacent to it, where Sam, her dad, her uncle Harry and one of her uncles customers called Layton are on a buoy trip. It is set in July and the climate is hot and bright. Anyway toward the finish of the story we are at home with Sam and her dad. Sam Turner, the fundamental character in Red from Green, is a multi year old young lady, who lives alone with her dad, since her mom passed on when she was youthful. She will be a sophomore in the fall and her dad gave her applying to an all inclusive school, where she has been conceded, however Sam isn't totally certain whether she needs to acknowledge the offer or not. It is a troublesome choice for her to make. In the late spring she goes on a buoy trip with her dad, Harry and Layton. We will compose a custom exposition test on Red from Green explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Red from Green explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Red from Green explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer On this buoy trip Sam encounters something she has not attempted previously. Layton gives some enthusiasm for her, and that is extremely new to her and she doesn't generally like it. He is, all things considered, a developed man. Sams father is missing a couple of times on the buoy trip. He disregards Sam with Layton, and that gives Layton the likelihood to show this enthusiasm for Sam. It harms Sam that her dad forsakes her, and when they return home, she chooses to acknowledge the ffer and go to the all inclusive school. Sam and her dads relationship develop through the story. In the first place it is alright however they don't generally talk that much with one another. Sams father isn't generally there and he disregards her with Layton which she aversions, and it drives her somewhat mad at her dad. As the story proceeds with their relationship doesn't improve a lot. In any case, toward the finish of the story, when Sam and her dad are home once more, their relationship shows signs of improvement, since when Sam discloses to her dad, that she has acknowledged the proposal from the oarding school, he gets pitiful in light of the fact that he will miss her a great deal when she isn't anywhere near. At the point when Sam hears this, she laments her choice a piece, since where it counts, she cherishes her dad without a doubt and would prefer not to disregard him, as he did to her on the buoy trip. The subject in Red from Green is growing up. Sam is fifteen and unpracticed. When Layton makes a go at her it startles her a piece, and that is likewise why she blows up at her dad for disregarding her with him. Sam is in a piece of her life where, now and again she is dealt with like a grown-up, yet now and again like a kid. I believe that she despite everything considers herself to be a kid, since she imagines that it sound old, that she will be a sophomore in the fall. Another topic is Sam and her dads relationship, and how it develops through the story. Something else that creates through the story is her and I feel that causes her to understand that she is anything but a young lady any longer. The title of the story, Red from Green, could be alluding to Sam. At the point when an apple or tomato ages it goes from green to red, and from being unripen to become age. The equivalent occurs with Sam through the story. She goes from being youthful and considering herself to be a kid to being increasingly full grown. In the story Layton gets a fish, and Sams father says that it is too little yet at the same time takes it, and put in their cooler. The fish could be representing Sam and her dad could be suggesting that she is excessively youthful. Yet, the way that Sams father takes the fish at any rate, could represent that he, in a way acknowledges what Layton does with his little girl. Sam likewise dozes alone in a tunnel and that could be representing that she is as of now isolated from her dad. In the start of the story Sam depends a great deal on her dad and lets him deal with things. Sam realized that her dad wouldnt endure poaching, so she left it for him to deal with. Be that as it may, toward the finish of the story, she settles on her own choices and depends on herself. At that point she went into the house and rounded out the last structure for the grant to life experience school, and toward the beginning of the day she put it via the post office at night, when Sams father makes margaritas for them all, he makes a virgin, without liquor for Sam, and Layton requests a virgin as well. Here, Layton could be alluding to Sam. Sams father was making enchiladas, and chipping ice for margaritas with a pick. He made one without tequila for Sam. Layton requested a virgin, taking everything into account, Sam is a little youngster, who gets increasingly develop, when she encounters a developed man indicating enthusiasm for her, which causes her to understand that she is anything but a young lady any longer. Sam likewise discovers, that her dad won't generally be there for her, and she needs to assume liability for herself and her life. This causes Sam to acknowledge the offer she has from an all inclusive school, which is a major and troublesome choice for her to make.

Brothels and Convents in Renaissance and Measure for Measure Essay Example for Free

Houses of ill-repute and Convents in Renaissance and Measure for Measure Essay In this examination I will concentrate for the most part on the guideline of the two religious circles and houses of ill-repute in the timeframe of Shakespeare and the early Renaissance. Ruth Mazo Karras’ â€Å"The Regulation of Brothels in Later Medieval England,† centers precisely around this point all through England and other European nations during the Renaissance. With respect to the religious circles I will be taking a gander at an article entitled â€Å"Subjects on the Worlds Stage: Essays on British Literature of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance,† composed by David G. Allen and Robert A. White. The guidelines of whorehouses in the Renaissance were respected vigorously. Karras says that ladies inside these houses of ill-repute were fundamentally viewed as insidious and as delinquents yet they remained involving the situation of prostitution exclusively in light of the sexual hunger of men; these massage parlors were considered â€Å"†¦a important evil† (Karras). The main equal between ladies of religious circles and stews I came to discover was that of the part of being prohibited from society it could be said. Ladies of communities were totally separated from the general population, no insiders could leave and no outcasts could come in (Allen). The main contrast in the mystery of these two spots was the way that the massage parlors were gone to by men. Karras additionally expresses that the ladies of houses of ill-repute were not given any rights that standard ladies had, â€Å"In a few spots, she was not permitted to dismiss any client, without a doubt couldn' t be assaulted on the grounds that she was considered to have a place with all men and in this manner reserved no privilege to retain consent† (Karras). These two parts of women’s lives in this timespan have a significant influence in the dramatization Measure for Measure, and particularly set up the scene in the initial demonstration of the play. When Claudio sends for his sister, Isabel, to assist him with escaping prison, in which he was condemned to death for having pre-marriage (by the eyes of the congregation) sex with Juliet, Isabel leaves the religious circle where she was going to take her pledges so as to spare her sibling. In this way, we have a nearly cloister adherent and corrupt intercourse quickly in Act 1, both straightforwardly identified with the possibility of religious communities and houses of ill-repute and the ladies inside these spots. For this situation, notwithstanding, Juliet isn't a whore yet according to Angelo and the law is viewed as one in view of her and Claudio’s informal and inadequate marriage.

Possible Eradication Dengue Mosquitos Help Emerging Water Contaminants - 1375 Words

Possible Eradication Of Dengue Mosquitos With The Help Of Emerging Water Contaminants (Article Sample) Content: Date: November 12, 2017Page Number: 5By: Jaeger Dwayne G. TamaraySlug: EWCsSuggested Heading: Eradication of Dengue Carrying Mosquitos: A Possibility or a MythEradication of the Aedes Aegypti or commonly known as mosquitos has been a topic worth of researching for the past years. The main reason that scientists are in unison to find a way to eradicate this life form is because, according to Judith Yabut, a Pediatrician, it is the carrier of one of the most deadliest disease in the world, dengue. Scientists went as far as inventing insecticides to kill these insects to creating dengue vaccines to help humans defend themselves from this disease. But none of these can seem to stop insects from breeding and infecting disease. However, an emerging topic of study is currently showing signs of affecting the life cycle of mosquitos. These are called Emerging Water Contaminants (EWC).Water bodies make up almost 71 percent of our earths surface and 3.5 percent of the water bodi es is freshwater. According to an article in theguardain.com, as of 2011 out of the 8.7 million species residing earth, an approximated 2.2 million organisms live in the water. How does this relate to EWCs and mosquitos? Well EWCs are Emerging Contaminants that are found in water. Emerging contaminants are defined by Paraoan and Vidas, former biology students of University of the Philippines Baguio, in their undergraduate thesis, Evaluating the Impact of Emerging Water Contaminants on the Life Stages of Aedes Aegypti L, as any synthetic or naturally occurring chemical or any microorganism that is not commonly included in the environment but has the potential to enter the environment and cause known or suspected adverse ecological and/or human health effects. Apparently according to Mayer Calma, Biologist and Biology Instructor in the University of the Philippines Baguio, the study of EWCs are relatively new; therefore its ecological and human health effects are not yet fully underst ood and discovered.1485900-25146000In another note, these EWCs are commonly found in the freshwater such as rivers, lakes, and wetlands, which happens to be the place where mosquitos lay their eggs and grow into an adult mosquito. In Paraoan and Vidas 2013 study, they evaluated the impact of three EWCs: a. Erythromycin, which is an antibiotic, b. Naproxen, which is a pain reliever, and c. Propylparaben, which commonly comes in a form of cosmetic products such as hairstyling wax. How exactly does these contaminants end up in the freshwater?According to Calma, as we intake erythromycin and naproxen, we eventually release them through our urine and feces the same goes with propylparaben as we use them, we eventually wash them off when we bathe and these will all lead to the sewage, which are all connected to the bodies of fresh water. Paraoan and Vidas, in their study, used these three EWCs to test if such contaminants have effects on the life cycle of mosquitos: a.) Eclosion or the ha tching of mosquitos egg, b.) Pupation or the process of mosquito to develop into pupa (a stage where the insect transform from immature to mature), c.) Emergence or the coming out of the mosquito from its pupa casing assuming into its adult form, and d.) Fecundity or the stage where the adult female mosquito will be laying its eggs.First was the use of Erythromycin, a drug that belongs to the group of macrolide antibiotics. Macrolide drugs, according to doctor Yabut, are drugs that slow the growth or sometimes kill bacteria by reducing the production of important proteins needed by the bacteria to survive. In the study, exposing the eggs in 0.02mg/L, 12mg/L, and 24mg/L of erythromycin resulted in low success rate of eclosion, while 48mg/L of erythromycin resulted in 0 percent eclosion. Then afterwards exposing the surviving larvae in 0.02mg/L, 12mg/L, 24mg/L, 48mg/L, 96mg/L, 192mg/L, and 384mg/L resulted in an average of 58.05 percent pupation success rate. The third set up was gett ing the survived pupa and exposed them to 0.02mg/L, 12mg/L, 24mg/L, and 384 mg/L and resulted to an average of 78.61 emergence success rate. Finally surviving mosquitos were allowed to suck on male human blood and exposed them in 0.02 mg/L, 48mg/L, and 192mg/L and laid an average of 57.45 eggs.As shown in the study of Paraoan and Vidas, surviving mosquitos from prior exposure to erythromycin are more likely to survive succeeding exposures to the contaminant. According to Mariel Lizbeth Agsaoay, Biology student in the University of the Philippines Baguio, explained that bacteria in organisms are somehow programmed to develop resistance to antibiotics.Second was the use of Naproxen, a type of drug that functions as a reliever of pain, fever, swelling, and stiffness, Doctor Yabut explained. In the 2013 study of Paraoan and Vidas exposed the eggs in 0.02 mg/L, 41 mg/L, 82 mg/L, and 104 mg/L of naproxen garnered an average eclosion rate of 20.16 percent. Afterwards surviving larvae were exposed to 0.02 mg/L, 41 mg/L, 82 mg/L, 104 mg/L, 208 m...

A Internship Report on Habib Bank Limited - 2584 Words

HABIB BANK LIMITED Session 2007-09 Submitted To: Submitted By: SAJID VIRK Roll No.238 MBA DEPARTMAENT OF MANAGEMENTS The Islamia University of Bahawalpur PREFACE Internship is an essential part of MBE programmed and this provides us the practical knowledge of our theoretical concepts about the business. Internship is a way to get experience practically in some organization. This is the way to understand the working environment of some good organization. I did my internship in HABIB BANK LIMITED in circular road Branch Bahawalpur . During the internship I got the experience to work in different departments as remittances, cash, deposit etc. Through this I learned a lot and I also made clear my†¦show more content†¦In 2003 Government of Pakistan announced the privatization of HBL to Agha Khan Fund for Economic Development (AKFED) with 51% shares. The Bank has improved its technology according to the current requirements in banking sector. HBL is currently offering Phone banking, internet banking, online funds transfer, Pay order, Demand Draft and ATM facilities, car loans, leasing, debit and credit cards etc. According to the requirement of department internship program I did my six week internship at HBL Farid Gate Branch Bahawalpur. ACKNOWLDGEMENT I thank to my â€Å"Allah† with gratitude, who gave me knowledge and courage to complete this task and assignment with full devotion and consistency. I also thanks to all my teachers whose guidance made me capable of understanding all the things . During my internship I gained sufficient practical knowledge and experience of HBL functions their processes. I learned much during my internship by the experienced employees of HBL. I thank to all the staff of HABIB BANK LIMITED circular road BRANCH BAHAWALPUR, who guided me and gave me sufficient knowledge about HBL and the banking sector of Pakistan. I especially thanks to Malik Qamar Jawad (Branch Manager of HBL circular road Branch Bahawalpur). INTRODUCTION [pic] In 1947, at the time of independence there were only 487 offices of scheduled banks in Pakistan. The central bank was The Reserve Bank of India. There were 19 non-Show MoreRelatedInternship Report on Hbl6597 Words   |  27 PagesINTERNSHIP REPORT ON â€Å"HABIB BANK LIMITED† SUBMITTED BY Sadia Siddiqui Reg#14365 Enrollment# 02-211082-11 SUBMISSION DATE MAY 15, 2012 Acknowledgements: All the praises are for the almighty, Allah who bestowed me with the ability and potential to complete this Internship. I also pay my gratitude to the Almighty for enabling me to complete this Internship Report within due course of time. Words are very few to express enormous humble obligations to my affectionate Parents for their prayers and strongRead MoreSummit Bank13780 Words   |  56 PagesSUMMIT BANK LIMITED MULTAN ROAD BRANCH [pic] An Internship report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment For The Degree of Masters of Science In Accounting Finance AMNA HAMID Session (2008-2010) Department Of Accounting FinanceKinnaird College for Women, Lahore [pic] Executive summary â€Å"The purpose of study was to know about SUMMIT BANK LIMITED and to analyze the financial statement. â€Å" In this report the Summit Bank’s history, mission, vision and services as well as management isRead MoreInternship Report on Ztbl20418 Words   |  82 PagesZarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. 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The World Trade Centre incident

The Role of Public Relation in Maintaining a Good Relationship between Assignment

Essays on The Role of Public Relation in Maintaining a Good Relationship between the Organization and the General Public Assignment The paper â€Å"The Role of Public Relation in Maintaining a Good Relationship between the Organization and the General Public† is an  engrossing version of an assignment on marketing. Public Relations basically deal with maintaining a good public image for an organization or business. Others consider it as a process of managing communication between the public and the organization. This is directed at ensuring that the organization maintains a good relationship with the community it serves as well as the general public. It is apparent that any organization that is associated with some level of discipline and good conduct, has taken some initiative to employ a good public image, which in essence defines what public relation is all about. However, Public Relations is not only applied in the organizations and business, but it can also be applied at personal levels as it basically concerns maintaining a good reputation. This paper will consider three cases in order to illustrat e how Public Relations are applied.Question 1The world of business today is very competitive and therefore most organizations are implementing practices that will make them stand out among the rest in the competing industry, as well as making them appealing to the media and the general public (Seitel, 2006). Looking at this case, for instance, one company, Mountain Spring Bottled Water has decided to sponsor the netball competition at the Forest Springs Community Sports Centre for a period of three years. Mountain Springs Bottled Water Company’s initiative to sponsor the race contains some significance both to the community and the company itself. First, such a process acts as a promotional strategy whereby the company can take the opportunity to market its products and make them known within the community. Thus, at the end of the race, the company will have increased its market share as its products will have been known within the community. It might as well acquire higher s ales. Second, the company will attain a good image of the community. The community will come to appreciate the efforts done by the company to sponsor the race and in turn, change the community’s perception about the company as most of them will view the company as a philanthropic one that is ready to support the community.How to research could be used to plan a campaign to launch and promote the relationship between the company and the communityThe research entails collecting information, and the amount of information determines the decision-making process. Effective decisions are built on extensive information. In this case, Mountain Spring Bottled Water Company can conduct research to identify the needs and priorities of the community so that it can launch a campaign that will be directed at meeting the identified needs and priorities. In this way, the community will appreciate the activities of the company and in turn, generate a good relationship between the community and the company. Therefore, research will enable the company to identify the needs and the priorities of the community, and thus the company can implement the necessary measures to counter the identified needs in order to build a good rapport with the community. The company can also use research to identify effective intervention strategies that could be used to establish a good relationship with the community (Seib and Fitzpatrick, 1995). For instance, the community might have its cultural and religious beliefs and thus the company can apply approaches that respect these beliefs in order to promote a good relationship.

Manage Industrial Relations

Question: Discuss about theManage Industrial Relations. Answer: Introduction: Conflict Management Techniques Dispute Resolution Procedures In order to manage the disputes on industrial relations for the company Colesworths, disputes with respect to payments to workers can be resolved by using the procedures of conciliation and arbitration. Apart from that, the disputes can also be resolved through the loop- back procedures or low to high cost chain of procedures (Moore Taylor, 2016). Workplace disputes are required to be resolved by considering the mutual agreements for the benefits of both company and its employees. Legal remedies Other than the conciliation and arbitration, adjudication is another remedy to solve the industrial conflicts between managers and workers. This remedy is conducted by the government either with or without the consent of the parties to the dispute. If the conflicts referred to the adjudicating authority with the consent of the managers and workers, it is called as voluntary adjudication (Lucas, Lnrt Solymosi, 2015). Grievances to Alleviate or Eliminate In the given case of Colesworths, the grievances with respect to the increase in commission on sales and reduction on penalty rates with no TOIL are easier to eliminate. Since the commission on sales is paid on works done by employees more than the target work, the company will not be required to pay the amount on regular basis to each of the workers (Batstone, 2015). Additionally, the penalty payment, which is also to be paid only if the worker works on Saturdays and Sundays. The company can manage these grievances by examining the facts and causes by considering the remedial actions. Main Issues in the Dispute In the given case, the major issues of the industrial conflicts are increase in basic wage rate at lower rate 3% despite of expected increase in sales at 10% and profit margin by 5%. Another issue that raised the dispute between managers and workers is about reduction in penalty rates by including one-day time off in lieu (TOIL). Inclusion of this condition is a sign of discouragement for the performance of workers because of the lower rate of penalty as well as inclusion of one day TOIL (Gumerov et al., 2015). Similarly, lower rate of increase in commission on sales is another major dispute between the managers and employees because it would demoralize the workers in better performance. Options for Expert Advice As a retail company, Colesworths the first option to approach for a expert advice is conciliation officer under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The officer has powers of civil court and the judgment of the officer is binding on both the disputing parties. Another option to approach for the specialist advice is arbitrator who provides judgment on considering the matter of dispute. Even though the arbitrator does not have judicial powers yet the decisions is binding on the conflicting parties (Van Geenhuizen Nijkamp, 2016). Trade Union Workforce Trade union is referred to the organization of laborers to achieve common goals for protecting the rights and benefits of the workers. In the given case, the single trade union would represent all the workers of the organization. Negotiations with Workers Best outcome Considering the demands of the workers and offers of the companys management, the best outcome would be a win- win situation based on the relationship, interests and aim for producing best result. Accordingly, the best outcome of would be increase of basic wages at 6% as well as the penalty rates can be imposed with no TOIL (Garbie, 2015). This modification in the payment to the workers would motivate the performance of the workers because increment of wage rate would be regular whereas commission on sales is irregular that can be maintained at lower rate. The commission on sales represents the incentive payments based on the quality and efficiency of the performance of workers. Therefore, there should be moderate increase in rate of sales commission that motivates the employees in their performance. Hence, it is advised to increase the sales commission at 3.5% to have the win- win situation between the management of the company and workers.W Worst outcome Worst outcome of the negotiation would be win- lose approach by stating companys requirements and policies without any communication and discussion. In case the management implements the new policy of payments to workers without communication then it will not reflect a positive impact on the employees. Since the workers have not agreed with the increased rates of payment policies, the management is responsible to discuss the requirements with the workers (Zhuang Chen, 2015). If the management takes one side decision and implement the payment policy, the worst outcome would be lack of proper performance of the workers and labor turnover. Stability growth of the company depends on the performance of the workforce therefore; its worst outcome reflects negative impact on the companys productivity. Negotiations Strategy Negotiation of the industrial dispute can be carried on with the objective of providing benefits to both the companies and workers. The company is required to get the business activities done while the workers are required to get paid for the work. Therefore, it is essential to examine the facts and requirements of the workers to implement the payment policy. In the given case, there is huge difference in the rates of basic wage and sales commission between management and workers (Hikmany et al., 2016). The strategy would be to conduct a meeting session with the workers to understand their needs. The percentage rates would be discussed to reach at mutual agreement. Time Frame to Rreach Agreement Considering the facts and actions on the dispute agreements, the meeting session would be considered for one day followed with examining the facts and industrial market scenario, total time to reach the agreement would take one month. Advocacy of Companys Position In case of Colesworths for industrial relations plan, it is observed that the company has expected increase in sales by 10% and profit margin at 5%. Accordingly, increase in payment to workers as per their requirement by 7.5% does not seem to be justified along with the 5% increase in the sales commissions. Considering the present situation of payment policy to workers, include sales commission at 10% and penalty rates on the basic wage at 25% for Saturdays and at 100% on Sundays. The company has also a policy on 20 days annual leave as well as 10 days of personal leave. Accordingly, increase of 3% in basic wage and 2.5% on sales commissions are appropriate with the view of expected rise in sales. Expected rise in sales is uncertain, also the percentage rate of rise is uncertain due to which company is not in a position to increase the wage rate by more than 3%. However, decrease in penalty rate is quite demoralizing for the workers that included on day TOIL yet the workers agreed to it only with the modification of elimination of TOIL. It is advised that the management should communicate the offers and requirements of workers for the payment rates increment (Tsurumi, 2015). It is suggested that the company should increase the rate of basic wage by 5% and eliminate the clause of one day TOIL that will serve the purpose of company and workers at the same time. Availability of Tribunals or Courts to Determine the Resolution In case of failure in negotiations for the industrial plan, the company is recommended to approach the The Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission. This tribunal has been formed to conduct the non-judicial activities on disputes like industrial planning. The Colesworths is required to approach the Arbitration Commission by presenting the dispute matter and disputing party i.e. workers (Martin, 2015). The concerned officer would consider the matter by examining the facts, data and requirements of the workers and company. On analyzing the essential matters and communication with the conflicting parties, the officer would place the decision which will be binding on the company and workers. Documentation and Certification of the Agreement Any agreement is legally valid only if it is appropriately certified and documented by the legislations and statutes. At first, the agreement decided by the commission should be accepted by the disputing parties and signed by the concerned officer. At the second step, the documents of the agreement presenting the payment policy, rates of payment, duration should be certified by the management and commission officer. A copy of the industrial plan is required to be provided to the workers to maintain the record and work policy. Remedial Action In case of votes against the agreement by some of the workers who had been absent on weekend work schedule, the management of the company can initiate by conducting a meeting session. The management can communicate with the workers to understand the reasons of unfavorable working strategy (Hikmany et al., 2016). Another remedy company can take is imposing the strict actions by serving warning letters stating the deduction in basic pay in proportion to the amount of loss that the company bears due to poor performance of such workers. The management can also take the step to terminate the workers for not providing the responsible performance on their allocated work. Reference List: Batstone, E. (2015). Arms-Length Bargaining: Industrial Relations in a French Company.Historical Studies in Industrial Relations, (36), 73-136. Garbie, I. (2015, March). Investigation of Sustainability index in Omani manufacturing firms: Evidence from industrial company. InIndustrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM), 2015 International Conference on(pp. 1-7). IEEE. Gumerov, A. V., Pavlova, A. V., Kharisova, G. M., Abdullina, S. N., Matveeva, E. S., Vyukov, M. 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